In a society increasingly focused on health and wellness, the quest for effective weight loss solutions has become a pressing concern. One medication that has garnered significant attention in this realm is phentermine. But how much do you truly know about this FDA-approved weight loss aid? What makes phentermine unique, and what potential benefits and risks should you consider before exploring this weight loss option?
Phentermine is a prescription medication that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1959 for the short-term treatment of obesity in individuals aged 16 and older1. As an appetite suppressant, phentermine can be a valuable tool when combined with a reduced-calorie diet and exercise regimen. However, its use is not without potential risks and side effects that warrant careful consideration.
Key Takeaways
- Phentermine is an FDA-approved weight loss medication for short-term use (up to 12 weeks) in individuals 16 and older.
- It works by suppressing appetite, which can help support weight loss when combined with a calorie-reduced diet and exercise.
- Clinical studies have shown that phentermine can lead to an average weight loss of 3-7% of initial body weight over 3-6 months.
- Common side effects include dry mouth, sleep problems, dizziness, and constipation.
- Phentermine is not suitable for individuals with certain health conditions, and it may interact with other medications.
What is Phentermine?
Phentermine is a prescription weight loss medication that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1959 for short-term use, typically up to 12 weeks2. It belongs to a class of drugs known as anorectics or appetite suppressants, and its chemical structure is similar to the stimulant drug amphetamine2. Due to this similarity, phentermine is considered a controlled substance, meaning it has the potential for dependence and abuse2.
FDA-Approved Weight Loss Medication
Phentermine is an FDA-approved weight loss medication that is prescribed to help individuals who are overweight or obese and have not been able to lose weight through diet and exercise alone3. It is available in various brand names in the United States, such as Adipex, Adipex-P, Fastin, and Ionamin, and comes in different dosage forms, including tablets and capsules3.
Similar Chemical Structure to Amphetamine
The chemical structure of phentermine is similar to the stimulant drug amphetamine, which is why it is classified as a controlled substance2. This similarity can also contribute to its potential for dependence and abuse, and it is important for individuals taking phentermine to be aware of these risks and to use the medication only as directed by their healthcare provider2.
The appearance and dosages of phentermine tablets and capsules can vary, with different colors, shapes, and imprints on the medication2. This diversity in the available phentermine products highlights the importance of following the specific instructions provided by a healthcare professional when using this medication2.
| Phentermine Dosage Forms | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Tablets and Capsules |
How Does Phentermine Work?
Phentermine, a widely-used weight loss medication, is believed to work primarily as an appetite suppressant5. Its mechanism of action involves increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin5. These neurotransmitters act as chemical messengers, helping to reduce feelings of hunger and cravings5.
Appetite Suppressant
Phentermine is known for its ability to effectively suppress appetite5. By increasing the availability of neurotransmitters, phentermine can help individuals feel fuller for longer, leading to reduced caloric intake and ultimately, weight loss5. However, it’s important to note that some individuals may develop a tolerance to the appetite-suppressing effects of phentermine over time5.
Increases Neurotransmitter Levels
Phentermine’s mechanism of action is thought to involve increasing the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain5. These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating appetite, mood, and energy levels5. By enhancing the availability of these neurotransmitters, phentermine can help individuals feel more satisfied and less inclined to overeat5.
To summarize, phentermine’s primary mode of action is through its ability to act as an appetite suppressant, which it achieves by increasing the levels of key neurotransmitters in the brain5. This helps individuals feel fuller and more satisfied, leading to reduced caloric intake and potential weight loss5.
Uses of Phentermine
Short-Term Weight Loss Aid
Phentermine is primarily used as a short-term weight loss aid for individuals with obesity or who are overweight and have not been able to lose enough weight through diet and exercise alone6. The FDA has approved phentermine for use for up to 12 weeks to help promote weight loss when combined with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity6.
Phentermine and topiramate is used for weight loss, and it is beneficial for obese adults and children aged 12 years or older, as well as certain overweight adults with weight-related medical issues, helping them lose weight and prevent regaining it6. Doctors typically start patients on a low dose and may increase it after 14 days. The medication efficacy is evaluated after 12 weeks, adjusting the dose according to weight loss results. If weight loss goals are not achieved, the doctor may discontinue treatment or adjust the dosage further6.
Phentermine and Topiramate is habit-forming, and patients should strictly adhere to the prescribed doses to avoid potential addiction or misuse6. Due to the risk of birth defects, Phentermine and Topiramate is only available through a special program called the Qsymia REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program, ensuring controlled distribution6.
Patients must inform their healthcare providers about allergies to specific medications, any existing medical conditions such as glaucoma or heart issues, history of mental health issues, and pregnancy plans. Regular pregnancy tests are required during treatment due to the risk of birth defects6. Common side effects such as headaches, dizziness, and numbness may occur with Phentermine and Topiramate treatment, and patients should report severe or persistent symptoms to their healthcare provider6.
The obese population in Korea increased from 23.3% in 1992 to 35.9% in 2000, reflecting a 12.6% surge7. Phentermine was shown to induce a mean weight reduction of -6.7 kg with a significant value of p 2. Phentermine also resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference with a mean of -6.2 cm (p 2. A notable proportion of subjects in the phentermine group achieved weight reduction of 5% or more from the baseline, indicating significant effectiveness (p 2.
Dry mouth and insomnia were the predominant adverse events reported more frequently in the phentermine group7. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not exhibit significant differences between the phentermine and placebo groups (p = 0.122 and p = 0.219, respectively)7. Phentermine is stated to have been used safely for 40 years in the US, with a low incidence of serious side effects reported7.
The cost-effectiveness analysis comparing phentermine and sibutramine showed a reduction of 4.45 kg in body weight with sibutramine costing $103.8 per month, while phentermine led to a weight reduction of 3.6 kg at $39.59 per month7. Phentermine was introduced in Korea in 2004, and there have been limited clinical trials evaluating its efficacy and safety in Korean patients7.
Phentermine; Topiramate (Qsymia) is a combination medication used for weight loss, which decreases appetite and aids in weight reduction8. This medication is suitable for adults with particular health conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, mental illnesses, and history of stroke or irregular heartbeat8.
The product is commonly administered orally, once a day, usually in the morning, with water. Patients should avoid taking this medication close to bedtime due to potential sleep interference8. In terms of interactions, this medicine must not be used with MAOIs like Carbex, Eldepryl, Marplan, Nardil, and Parnate8.
Patients should be vigilant for potential side effects, including allergic reactions, mood changes, chest pain, seizures, and signs of kidney stones or stroke. Immediate medical attention is necessary if any of these symptoms occur8. Store this medicine at room temperature (15-25 degrees Celsius) and keep it out of reach of children to prevent misuse or accidental ingestion by unauthorized individuals8.
Proper disposal of unused medication is essential, as misuse of this drug can lead to harm or even death in those not prescribed the medication. Contact the DEA or local authorities for proper disposal instructions8.
Effectiveness for weight loss on phentermine
Phentermine has demonstrated promising effectiveness in supporting meaningful weight loss, particularly in the short-term. Studies have shown that individuals taking phentermine can lose an average of 3% of their initial body weight after 3 months of use9, and up to 5-7% after 6 months9. However, the effectiveness of phentermine appears to gradually decrease over prolonged use of more than a year, with weight regain of approximately 10% from 3 to 6 months reported in some studies9.
The combination of phentermine and topiramate, known as Qsymia, has been shown to be particularly effective for sustained weight loss. Patients taking the maximum dose of this combination (15/92 mg) can lose an average of 11% of their body weight after one year of treatment10. Additionally, the number of patients needed to be treated with Qsymia to achieve a 5% weight loss is as low as 2-3 for the higher dose and 3-4 for the lower dose10.
| Medication | Average Weight Loss | Number Needed to Treat for 5% Weight Loss |
|---|---|---|
| Phentermine (15 mg or 30 mg) | 3% at 3 months, 5-7% at 6 months9 | N/A |
| Phentermine/Topiramate (Qsymia) | 11% at 1 year10 | 2-3 for higher dose, 3-4 for lower dose10 |
While phentermine is generally more effective for short-term weight loss, recent studies suggest that its effectiveness can be maintained even with longer-term use11. In fact, studies show that about 80% of individuals with obesity lost at least 5% of their body weight after 6 months of phentermine treatment11, and nearly 96% of obese individuals who took phentermine for 12 weeks lost more than 5% of their body weight11.
In summary, phentermine and the phentermine/topiramate combination have demonstrated significant effectiveness in supporting weight loss, particularly in the short-term. However, the long-term use of phentermine may require closer monitoring and management to maintain its effectiveness and minimize the risk of weight regain91011.
Dosage and Forms of Phentermine
Phentermine, a commonly prescribed weight loss medication, comes in various dosage forms and strengths to cater to individual needs12. Phentermine for weight loss is available in four forms: capsules, disintegrating tablets, extended-release capsules, and tablets12.
Phentermine Dosages
The recommended dosages of phentermine can vary depending on the specific form and the individual’s age and health status12. For oral capsules, adults and children 17 years and older typically take 15 to 30 milligrams once a day12. Disintegrating tablets are advised for adults and children 17 years and older to take one tablet in the morning12. Extended-release capsules are prescribed for adults and children 16 years and older to take one capsule once a day before breakfast or 10 to 14 hours before sleeping12. Tablets like Lomaira™ are recommended to be taken three times a day 30 minutes before meals, and Phentermine tablets at 18.75 to 37.5 milligrams once a day before breakfast or 1 to 2 hours after breakfast12. It’s important to note that children 16 years and younger are generally advised against the use of these dosage forms12.
The typical dosage range of Phentermine for weight loss varies from 15 mg to 37.5 mg per day13. Phentermine is approved for short-term use in individuals aged 17 and older with a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30, or a BMI of at least 27 with weight-related health conditions13. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for older adults as they tend to be more sensitive to medications, suggesting starting with a lower dosage if aged 65 or older13. Individuals with kidney problems should be cautious with Phentermine dosage, especially those with severe kidney damage, whose dosage should not exceed 15 mg daily13.
Phentermine-Topiramate Combination
Phentermine is also available in a combination medication with topiramate, sold under the brand name Qsymia, which comes in four different dose strengths and is taken as an extended-release capsule in the morning12. Qsymia is a prescription medication that combines the appetite-suppressing effects of phentermine with the weight-loss benefits of topiramate, a medication primarily used to treat seizures and migraines13.
“The typical dosage for Phentermine orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) ranges from 15 mg to 37.5 mg once daily in the morning.”13
It’s crucial to follow the healthcare provider’s instructions precisely when taking Phentermine or any other weight loss medication. Missed doses should be taken as soon as remembered, but it’s important to skip the dose if it’s close to the next scheduled dose to avoid potential side effects13. Taking too much Phentermine can lead to an increased risk of side effects, with overdosing being a medical emergency and potentially resulting in symptoms like tremors, confusion, and rapid heartbeat13.
| Dosage Form | Typical Dosage | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Capsules | 15-30 mg once daily | For adults and children 17+ years |
| Disintegrating Tablets | 1 tablet once daily | For adults and children 17+ years |
| Extended-Release Capsules | 1 capsule once daily | For adults and children 16+ years, before breakfast or 10-14 hours before sleep |
| Tablets (Lomaira™, Phentermine) | 18.75-37.5 mg once daily, or 3 times daily 30 min before meals | For adults, before breakfast or 1-2 hours after breakfast |
Side Effects and Precautions
While phentermine can be an effective weight loss aid, it’s important to be aware of the potential side effects and take necessary precautions15. Phentermine is used to speed weight loss in overweight individuals, particularly those with risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes15. Taking phentermine may result in a reduced appetite due to its stimulant effects on the central nervous system15.
Common Side Effects
Phentermine use can lead to a variety of common side effects, including dry mouth, sleep problems, dizziness, heart palpitations, skin flushing, fatigue, constipation, and irritability16. These side effects are typically mild and may subside as the body adjusts to the medication. However, it’s important to monitor for any persistent or worsening side effects and report them to a healthcare provider16.
Severe Side Effects
While rare, phentermine can also cause more severe side effects, such as increased blood pressure, suicidal ideation, metabolic acidosis, increased creatinine levels, fetal harm, vision problems, and cognitive impairment1516. Individuals with certain medical conditions or those taking other medications may be at a higher risk of experiencing these severe side effects15.
It’s crucial to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and not exceed the recommended amount, as this can increase the risk of side effects1617. Phentermine should not be abruptly discontinued, as it may cause withdrawal symptoms15.
Precautions should be taken, especially for individuals with certain medical conditions or those taking other medications1517. Phentermine is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with certain medical conditions (such as glaucoma or severe heart problems), or those who have used MAO inhibitors in the past 14 days15.
It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting phentermine to discuss the potential risks and benefits, as well as to ensure that the medication is appropriate for the individual’s specific needs and medical history151617.
Phentermine for Eating Disorders
While phentermine is primarily used as a weight loss aid, recent studies have suggested that the combination of phentermine and topiramate may also be beneficial in reducing binge-eating episodes in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa1819. This drug combination has been shown to significantly decrease the frequency of binge-eating episodes in people with these eating disorders20.
Phentermine is only FDA approved for short-term use, typically for about three months or fewer18. However, misusing phentermine can lead to the development of clinical eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN)18. Taking phentermine for weight loss can cause various physical adverse effects and disordered eating behaviors, and studies have shown that young women who use medications like phentermine to manage their weight are more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder within one to three years18.
Phentermine can also lead to dependence and addiction, especially if used for an extended period or misused18. Misusing phentermine and other weight loss drugs can increase the risk of developing eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder18. Individuals considering taking phentermine for weight loss often do so influenced by societal factors like diet culture, weight stigma, anti-fatness, and healthism18.
Despite the potential benefits of phentermine-topiramate in treating eating disorders, more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and long-term effects19. Remote care can provide treatment options for individuals struggling with disordered eating behaviors who may not have access to in-person treatment18.
| Key Findings from Recent Studies | Data |
|---|---|
| FDA Approval and Short-Term Use | Phentermine is only FDA approved for short-term use, typically for about three months or fewer18. |
| Increased Risk of Eating Disorders | Studies have shown that young women who use medications like phentermine to manage their weight are more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder within one to three years18. |
| Phentermine-Topiramate Combination | The combination of phentermine and topiramate may be beneficial in reducing binge-eating episodes in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa1920. |
| Prevalence of Binge Eating Disorder | Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in both genders, with a prevalence reaching 3% in community samples19. |
“Despite topiramate’s well-documented efficacy in binge eating disorder and obesity, reports on phentermine/topiramate extended release in binge eating disorder are scarce.”19
In conclusion, while phentermine may have potential benefits in treating certain eating disorders, its use must be approached with caution due to the increased risk of developing disordered eating behaviors and clinical eating disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects and appropriate use of phentermine and its combination with topiramate in the management of eating disorders.
Who Should Avoid Phentermine?
Phentermine, a widely prescribed weight-loss medication, may not be suitable for everyone. It’s crucial to understand the contraindications and potential risks associated with this drug to ensure safe and effective use21.
Individuals with a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or an overactive thyroid gland should avoid taking phentermine21. Additionally, those with glaucoma, a condition that affects the eye’s optic nerve, should also steer clear of this medication21.
Pregnant women, those who may become pregnant, and breastfeeding women should not use phentermine, as it can potentially harm the unborn baby or be passed through breast milk3. Pediatric use of phentermine is also not recommended due to a lack of safety and efficacy data3.
Individuals with a history of drug abuse or addiction should also avoid taking phentermine, as it has the potential to be habit-forming3. Elderly patients may require caution and dose adjustments due to age-related health issues3.
It’s essential to disclose any medical conditions or medications you are currently taking to your healthcare provider before starting phentermine. This will help ensure that the potential benefits outweigh the risks for your specific situation3.
Phentermine can also interact with certain medications, such as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) and other weight-loss drugs, leading to serious adverse effects22. Additionally, those with allergies to tartrazine should avoid the Suprenza™ formulation of phentermine due to the potential for allergic reactions3.
It’s crucial to closely monitor patients taking phentermine to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and to watch for any adverse effects, such as hypertension, restlessness, tremors, insomnia, and even erectile dysfunction in men22.
In summary, phentermine is not recommended for individuals with certain medical conditions, those who may become pregnant, breastfeeding women, and those with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Consulting with a healthcare provider and following their guidance is essential for the safe and effective use of this weight-loss medication.
Phentermine and Other Medications
While phentermine can be an effective tool for weight loss, it’s crucial to be mindful of potential drug interactions. Phentermine, an FDA-approved weight loss medication, can have23 unwanted interactions with a variety of other medications, including other weight loss drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and central nervous system stimulants.
Potential Drug Interactions
One particularly concerning interaction is the risk of developing primary pulmonary hypertension if phentermine is combined with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine23. To avoid this potentially fatal complication, it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements, before starting phentermine.
Additionally, combining phentermine with stimulant medications like Adderall or pseudoephedrine can exacerbate side effects on heart rate and blood pressure23. Likewise, the concomitant use of caffeine, nicotine, and phentermine may further increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects23.
Another important interaction to be aware of is the risk of serotonin syndrome when phentermine is taken with antidepressants that raise serotonin levels23. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include a rapid heartbeat and dangerously high blood pressure.
Phentermine should also not be combined with certain weight loss medications, such as fenfluramine, due to the historical issue of heart valve damage associated with the “fen-phen” combination23. Alcohol consumption while taking phentermine may also worsen side effects and interfere with weight-loss goals23.
It’s crucial to closely monitor blood pressure while taking phentermine, especially if you are also using high blood pressure medication, as phentermine can potentially lower blood pressure despite being listed as a side effect23. Individuals with a history of heart disease may be better suited for newer weight-loss medications like Wegovy, which may carry a lower risk of heart-related issues compared to phentermine23.
In summary, phentermine can interact with a wide range of medications, and it’s essential to discuss all your current medications with your healthcare provider before starting this weight loss drug. Careful monitoring and management of these potential interactions are crucial for ensuring your safety and achieving your weight-loss goals232425
Phentermine Response and Effectiveness
The weight loss effects of phentermine are typically greatest in the initial weeks of use. On average, individuals taking phentermine can expect to lose around one extra pound per week compared to dieting alone26. In a 24-week trial, participants on phentermine (30 mg) plus diet demonstrated significantly increased weight loss of 10.0 kg versus 4.4 kg with diet alone26. Another study showed an overall body weight reduction of 8.1 ± 3.9 kg with 30 mg of phentermine compared to 1.7 ± 2.9 kg in the placebo group26.
However, some people may develop a tolerance to the appetite-suppressing effects of phentermine over time, making it less effective for long-term weight loss27. Healthcare providers may need to discontinue the medication if a patient is not seeing the desired results after 12 weeks of use26.
Studies have shown that phentermine can be highly effective for weight loss when used as directed. In a 28-week randomized controlled trial, monotherapy with phentermine 15 mg daily produced a 6 kg weight loss, and 46% of participants achieved 5% or more weight loss26. Participants in both phentermine groups lost about 13% of their initial body weight in a 36-week study26. Additionally, 95.8% of subjects attained ≥ 5% weight loss with phentermine compared to 20.8% with placebo, and 62.5% of subjects attained ≥ 10% weight loss with phentermine compared to 4.7% with placebo26.
It’s important to note that phentermine was associated with the highest incidence of acute kidney injury and injury among anti-obesity medications between 2013 and 202026. Healthcare providers should closely monitor individuals taking phentermine for potential side effects and discontinue use if the desired weight loss results are not achieved within 12 weeks26.
Phentermine’s Effectiveness for Weight Loss
- Phentermine has been shown to result in a weight loss of 5% to 10% of body weight over a 12-week period when used in conjunction with a low-calorie diet and increased physical activity27.
- Nearly 74% of patients lost at least 5% of their initial body weight after 12 weeks of taking phentermine in a study conducted in Korea in 200527.
- Phentermine is effective in up to 80% of patients, according to studies28.
- Combining phentermine with intermittent or prolonged fasting can help boost its effectiveness and reduce appetite28.
- Using phentermine no more than 3 days every 7 days is recommended for weight loss28.
While phentermine can be a valuable tool for short-term weight loss, it’s crucial to understand its limitations and potential side effects. Healthcare providers should closely monitor patients taking phentermine and consider discontinuing the medication if the desired results are not achieved within the recommended timeframe.
In conclusion, phentermine can be an effective weight loss medication when used as directed, but its long-term effectiveness may be limited by the development of tolerance. Individuals considering phentermine should work closely with their healthcare provider to ensure the safe and effective use of the medication for their weight loss goals262728.
Tips for Taking Phentermine
When it comes to taking phentermine for weight loss, there are a few important tips to keep in mind. Firstly, it’s crucial to follow the dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Phentermine is typically taken before breakfast or 1-2 hours after, as this can help avoid issues with insomnia29.
It’s important to remember that phentermine is not a magic solution for weight loss. The medication should be used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. By making these lifestyle changes, you can maximize the effectiveness of phentermine and achieve your desired weight loss goals30.
Alcohol should be avoided while taking phentermine, as it may increase the risk of side effects and further impair judgment30. Staying hydrated is also crucial, with the CDC recommending at least 8 glasses of water per day for optimal health2931.
To ensure the best possible results, it’s essential to work closely with your healthcare provider. They can help you develop a personalized phentermine plan that takes into account your individual needs and goals. By following these tips and working closely with your doctor, you can increase your chances of achieving successful and sustainable weight loss30.
| Tip | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Follow Dosing Instructions | Take phentermine as directed by your healthcare provider, typically before or 1-2 hours after breakfast to avoid insomnia. |
| Combine with Diet and Exercise | Phentermine should be used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for optimal results. |
| Avoid Alcohol | Alcohol should be avoided while taking phentermine as it may increase the risk of side effects and impair judgment. |
| Stay Hydrated | Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day to support metabolism and act as a natural appetite suppressant. |
| Work Closely with Your Doctor | Collaborate with your healthcare provider to develop a personalized phentermine plan that meets your individual needs and goals. |
“By following a personalized Phentermine diet plan and integrating the provided tips and tricks, individuals can be well-equipped to attain desired weight loss results.”
Remember, phentermine is intended for use by those who are clinically overweight or obese, not for individuals seeking to shed just a few pounds29. With the right approach and support from your healthcare provider, phentermine can be a valuable tool in your weight loss journey.
Is Phentermine Safe for Long-Term Use?
Phentermine, a widely prescribed weight loss medication, has been a subject of ongoing discussion regarding its long-term safety and efficacy. While phentermine is approved by the FDA for short-term use of up to 12 weeks32, the question of whether it is safe for prolonged or continuous use remains a concern for both healthcare providers and patients.
Phentermine is the most commonly used anti-obesity medication in the United States32, and it was initially approved for weight loss in 195932. However, the long-term use of phentermine has been limited, as there are concerns about the potential for addiction and dependence32. In fact, a study of nearly 14,000 phentermine users showed that 8 in 10 were women, and the mean BMI of these users was 38, with a range from as low as 27 to 235 pounds for a 5’6″ person32. Interestingly, three in 10 phentermine users were prescribed the medication for more than 3 months32, which is beyond the recommended duration.
The evidence on the long-term safety and effectiveness of phentermine is mixed. One study32 found that weight loss outcomes were significantly greater for individuals who used phentermine for more than a year or between 112 days and a year, compared to those who used it for only 3 months32. Furthermore, people who used phentermine continuously for more than a year had kept off more than 7 percent of their baseline weight at 2 years32. However, it’s important to note that about one-third of people prescribed phentermine did not respond well to the treatment, losing less than 3 percent of their weight within the first 3 months32.
While the long-term use of phentermine may be associated with greater weight loss, it also carries potential risks. Studies have shown33 that phentermine is currently FDA-approved for use of up to three months, and longer-term use of the drug (a year or more) may lead to greater weight loss compared to short-term use (three months or less)33. However, the research also indicates that weight regain is common when patients stop taking phentermine33. Additionally, the study did not examine the most effective dose of the drug or potential side effects like anxiety or insomnia33.
It’s important to note that phentermine is considered a stimulant and should not be used in individuals with a history of heart disease, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure34. For patients with low cardiac risk, normal blood pressure, or well-treated high blood pressure, phentermine could be a safe and affordable weight-loss option33. However, clinical trials are needed34 to provide more certainty on the safe and long-term use of phentermine323334.
Phentermine for Weight Loss: Pros and Cons
Phentermine, a prescription weight loss medication, has been a topic of debate when it comes to its efficacy and safety for long-term use. While the drug can provide short-term weight loss benefits, it also carries potential risks and drawbacks that individuals should carefully consider before starting treatment.
One of the primary advantages of phentermine is its ability to suppress appetite, which can make it easier to adhere to a reduced-calorie diet and exercise regimen35. Studies have shown that supplementing a healthy lifestyle with medication can lead to a weight loss of more than 9% of body weight35. Additionally, certain medications like semaglutide have been found to boost weight loss up to 15%, and participants using medications report maintaining their weight 56 weeks later35.
However, the potential drawbacks of phentermine use cannot be overlooked35. Phentermine side effects can include strokes, arrhythmias, heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular abnormalities, high blood pressure, tingling in hands or feet, dry mouth, insomnia, nervousness, and constipation35. Furthermore, phentermine use is contraindicated with certain medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, and procarbazine, as well as in individuals with hyperthyroidism, pregnancy and breastfeeding, glaucoma, and those using central nervous system stimulants35.
Another concern with phentermine is the potential for addiction and dependence36. Phentermine is a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse and dependence36. Additionally, the combination of phentermine-topiramate with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition35.
In contrast, newer weight loss medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide (Saxenda) and semaglutide (Wegovy), are presented as safer and more effective alternatives for long-term weight management35. Saxenda has shown weight loss results of 4 to 6 kg in clinical studies35, while Wegovy has demonstrated weight loss of 5%–20% or greater and has cardioprotective benefits35. Semaglutide, like Wegovy, can be used for long-term weight management35.
In conclusion, the decision to use phentermine for weight loss should be made carefully, weighing the potential benefits against the risks. Individuals considering this medication should consult with their healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate and safe approach to achieving their weight loss goals.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
|
“Phentermine is not recommended due to potential side effects, lack of support for lasting weight loss, and addictive risks.”35
In contrast, newer weight loss medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide (Saxenda) and semaglutide (Wegovy), are presented as safer and more effective alternatives for long-term weight management35. Saxenda has shown weight loss results of 4 to 6 kg in clinical studies35, while Wegovy has demonstrated weight loss of 5%–20% or greater and has cardioprotective benefits35. Semaglutide, like Wegovy, can be used for long-term weight management35.
The decision to use phentermine for weight loss should be made carefully, weighing the potential benefits against the risks. Individuals considering this medication should consult with their healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate and safe approach to achieving their weight loss goals.
Conclusion
Phentermine is a prescription weight loss medication that can be an effective short-term aid for individuals seeking to lose weight37. Approved by the FDA for use up to 12 weeks at a time, with no more than 14 days between doses37, research suggests that those on a Phentermine regimen tend to lose more weight compared to those attempting weight loss without medication37. Additionally, Phentermine has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals by up to 70% when combined with a low-carbohydrate diet37, and it has also been linked to lowering high cholesterol levels and decreasing blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases37.
However, Phentermine is not without its risks and side effects37. Common side effects include dry mouth, increased heart rate, and headache37, while long-term use has been associated with depression and other mental health issues, particularly in individuals with heart problems or hypertension37. Due to these potential side effects, Phentermine is recommended for short-term use only37. Individuals considering Phentermine for weight loss should carefully discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare provider to determine if it is the right option for them37.
In conclusion, Phentermine can be an effective tool for short-term weight loss when used in conjunction with a calorie-reduced diet and increased physical activity37. However, its use should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional due to the potential for side effects and the need for long-term weight management strategies37. By understanding the benefits and limitations of Phentermine, individuals can make informed decisions about their weight loss journey and work towards achieving sustainable, healthy outcomes37.
FAQ
What is phentermine?
Phentermine is a prescription weight loss medication approved by the FDA for short-term use of up to 12 weeks for people over 16 years old. It works as an appetite suppressant and can help people lose weight when combined with a reduced-calorie diet and exercise.
How does phentermine work?
Phentermine is thought to decrease appetite by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurotransmitters act as chemical messengers and can help reduce feelings of hunger.
What are the uses of phentermine?
Phentermine is primarily used as a short-term weight loss aid for people with obesity or overweight individuals who have not been able to lose enough weight through diet and exercise alone.
How effective is phentermine for weight loss?
Studies have shown that phentermine can support meaningful weight loss, with the average weight loss being around 3% of a person’s initial body weight after 3 months and 5-7% after 6 months.
What are the dosages and forms of phentermine?
Phentermine is available in doses ranging from 8 mg to 37.5 mg, with the recommended dosage being taken once daily in the morning or 1-2 hours after breakfast. It is also available in a combination medication with topiramate, sold under the brand name Qsymia.
What are the side effects and precautions of phentermine?
Common side effects include dry mouth, sleep problems, dizziness, heart palpitations, skin flushing, fatigue, constipation, and irritability. Rare but serious side effects may include increased blood pressure, suicidal ideation, metabolic acidosis, and cognitive impairment.
Can phentermine be used for eating disorders?
Yes, the combination of phentermine and topiramate may also be helpful in reducing binge-eating episodes in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa.
Who should avoid taking phentermine?
Phentermine is not recommended for certain individuals, including those with a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, an overactive thyroid gland, or glaucoma. Pregnant women, those who may become pregnant, and breastfeeding women should also avoid taking phentermine.
What medications can interact with phentermine?
Phentermine may interact with a variety of other medications, including other weight loss drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other central nervous system stimulants. Some of these interactions can be potentially fatal.
How long should phentermine be used for weight loss?
Phentermine is designed for short-term use of up to 12 weeks, as there are limited long-term studies on its safety. Prolonged use of phentermine increases the risk of addiction and dependence, as well as the development of tolerance.
Source Links
- Phentermine for Weight Loss: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage
- Phentermine HCL: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing – WebMD
- Phentermine (Oral Route) Side Effects
- Topiramate and Phentermine – StatPearls
- What to Expect When Using Phentermine for Weight Loss
- Phentermine and Topiramate: MedlinePlus Drug Information
- Effects on Weight Reduction and Safety of Short-Term Phentermine Administration in Korean Obese People
- Phentermine & Topiramate: Weight Loss
- Three- and six-month efficacy and safety of phentermine in a Mexican obese population
- Phentermine/Topiramate (Qsymia) for Chronic Weight Management
- 8 Phentermine FAQs: How Well It Works for Weight Loss & More – GoodRx
- Phentermine (Oral Route)
- Phentermine Dosage Guide: Max Dose and Adjustments – GoodRx
- Phentermine: Package Insert – Drugs.com
- Phentermine: Drug Uses, Dosage & Side Effects – Drugs.com
- Phentermine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
- Phentermine oral forms: Side effects, use for weight loss, and more
- Phentermine for Binge Eating | Dangers of the Weight Loss Drug
- Successful Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder With Combination Phentermine/Topiramate Extended Release
- Combination Phentermine–Topiramate Extended Release for the Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder: An Open-Label, Prospective Study
- Phentermine weight-loss medicine: Know the side effects
- Phentermine: Side Effects, Dosage, Uses, and More
- Common Phentermine Drug Interactions to Avoid – GoodRx
- Semaglutide and Phentermine: What to Know About These Weight Loss Drugs
- Phentermine (Oral Route)
- Phentermine – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
- Is phentermine for weight loss safe?
- How to use Phentermine CORRECTLY for weight loss (not what you think)
- Phentermine Tips and Tricks for Weight Loss | AquaVitae
- The secret to losing weight with Phentermine
- How to Lose Weight on Phentermine Fast | Lowcountry Male
- Phentermine for weight loss seems safe, effective longer term
- Generic weight-loss drug may be safe and effective for long-term treatment
- Phentermine For Weight Loss: Uses, Dosage And Side Effects
- Phentermine for Weight Loss Side Effects & Risks | NOVI Health
- Phentermine (Adipex-P): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & More – GoodRx
- Phentermine for Weight Loss
